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Monday, October 29, 2012

The Last Will and Testament of Margaret of anjou





Margaret of Anjou's starkly simple will, executed on August 2, 1482, is a vivid testament to her reduced fortunes at the end of her life. Here's an excerpt from it, as translated into English by J. J. Bagley in his biography Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England:

I, Margaret of Anjou, . . . sound of mind, reason and thought, however weak and feeble of body, make and declare this my last will and testament in the manner following. First I give and recommend my soul to God . . . my body also I give to God . . . and it is my will and desire that it be buried and interred in holy ground according to the good will and pleasure of the King [i.e., King Louis XI of France], and, if it pleases him, I elect and choose 
to be buried in the Cathedral Church of Saint Maurice d'Angers with Monseigneur, my late father, and Madame, my mother. . . . Item, my will is . . . that the few goods which God and he [Louis] have given and lent to me be used for this purpose and for the paying of my debts as much to my poor servants . . . as to other creditors to whom I am indebted. . . . And should my few goods 
be insufficient to do this, as I believe they are . . . I implore the said lord, the King, to meet and pay the outstanding debts as the sole heir of the wealtth which I inherited through my father and my mother and my other relations and ancestors. . . .



Margaret's will was witnessed by, among others, Katherine Vaux, who had been one of Margaret's ladies since at least 1452-53 and whose husband had fallen at Tewkesbury. Katherine returned to England and was still alive at the time Henry VIII became king; her two children became pillars of Tudor society. The complete French version of the will that follows is taken from the second volume of Lecoy de la Marche's 1875 work entitled Le roi Rene (available on the Internet Archive). Note that Margaret refers to herself as "Queen of England."


TESTAMENT DE MARGUERITE D ANJOU, REINE D'ANGLETERRE.

2 août 1482.

Je, Marguerite d'Anjou, fille du feu roy de Sicille, reyne d'Angleterre, seyne d'entendement, raison et pensée, combien 
que débille et inferme de corps, faitz et ordonne mon testament et dernière voulenté et ordonnance en la manière qui s'ensuit. Premièrement, je donne et recommande mon âme à Dieu, mon créateur, à la glorieuse vierge Marye et à tous les benoitz sainctz 
et sainctes, par espécial à monseigneur saint Michel, prince des anges, et à mon bon ange depputé à ma garde, afin que, à l'eure de mon trespassement, il leur plaise la recevoir en leur compagnye et la garder et deffendre des assaulx et invasions de tous mauvaiz esperiz et ennemys de humain lignage, et qui leur plaise la conduire et recevoir en paradis. Mon corps aussi je donne à Dieu et ausdits saincts, et est mon vouloir et désir qu'il soit enterré et ensevely en sépulture ecclésiastique, selon le bon vouloir et plaisir du Roy; et, si lui plaist, je esliz et choisiz pour ce estre mise et ensevelye en l'esglise cathédralle de Saint-Maurice d'Angers, avecques feu monseigneur mon père et madame ma mère et mes autres parens et antécesseurs, en telle manière qu'il plaira au Roy ordonner, ou en autre tel lieu qu'il plaira au Roy. Item, mon vouloir est, si plaist audit seigneur Roy, que le petit de biens que Dieu et luy m'ont donnez et prestez soient pour ce faire employez, et aussi pour payer mes dettes, tant à mes pouvres serviteurs, lesquelz je recommande très humblement et affectueusement à la bonne grâce et charyté dudit seigneur Roy, que aussi aux autres crédicteurs à qui je suis tenue, soit pour vitaille, denrées ou services et autres nécessitez qu'ilz m'ont faictes et administrées, comme raison est. Et ou cas que mesdits petitz biens ne souffiroient pour ce faire, comme je croy que ne font ilz, en ce cas je supplye audit seigneur le Roy qui luy plaise de sa grâce, pour la descharge de son âme et de la myenne, faire satisfaire et payer le surplus comme mon seul héritier des biens qui m'appartiennent â cause de succession de père et de mère et de mes autres parens et antécesseurs, comme en luy en est mon espoir et fiance ; car despieça j'ay esleu ledit seigneur Roy mon héritier seul et principal, et maintenant le choisiz et esliz mon principal héritier et exécuteur, et telz autres exécuteurs qu'il luy plaira ordonner pour parfaire mondit exécucion de ce présent testament et dernière voulenté, en luy suppliant très humblement qui luy plaise y ordonner et entendre. Laquelle ordonnance de ladite dame soit faicte en nostre présence, le deuxiesme jour d'aoust, en l'an de grâce mil cccc quatre vingts et deux, en la présence de Jehan Lespinay, escuier, et Macé de Lespinay, escuier, Jehan Whithil, escuier, et Jehan, eschançon, et madame Catherine de Vaulx, Perrecte de la Rivière, Blanche Alorretc et autres, et signé à sa requeste de noz sings manuelz.

G. de la Barre, Poynet, prebstres et noctaires.


Margaret, born on March 23, 1430, died on August 25, 1482, less than a year before the death of her nemesis, Edward IV. She spent the last two years of her life in the chateau of Dampierre near Saumur, in Anjou. Having relinquished her rights in her Angevin inheritance to Louis XI, she died as the guest of Francois de la Vignolles, 
a servant of her late father. Not waiting until Margaret was dead, Louis wrote on August 12, 1482, to Jeanne Chabot, Madame de Montsereau, "I am sending to you my equerry, Jean de Chasteaudreux, to bring me all the dogs you have had from the late queen of England. You know she had made me her heir, and that this is all I 
shall get; also it is what I love best. I pray you not to keep any back, for you would cause me a terribly great displeasure." (Quoted in Cora Scofield, The Life and Reign of Edward the Fourth.)

Albertine Necker de Saussure

File:Albertine Necker de Saussure.jpg



b. 1766, Geneva; d. 1841, Vallée du Salève, near Geneva
Albertine-Adrienne Necker de Saussure, a writer and educator, was a cousin by marriage and intimate friend of the writer and political propagandist Germaine de Staël. While de Saussure's reputation and intellectual prestige did not match that of her cousin, her work L'éducation progressive (1828) was an influential tract on the education of women. She also wrote a biography of Madame de Staël for the first collected edition of her works (1821).

Desiree available at Audible

Please click on the audiobook cover to get to DESIREE on Audible!  I'm listening to it, and, I like it!

Pope Pius VII


http://saints.sqpn.com/pope0251.htm

[portrait of Pope Pius]
Also known as
Luigi Barnaba Chiaramonte; Brother Gregory
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Youngest of six children of Count Scipione Chiaramonti. His mother was an Italian noble who, when widowed, entered a Carmelite convent and prophesied his ascension to the papacy. Educated at the college for nobility atRavennaBenedictine monk at Santa Maria de Monte age 16, taking the name Brother Gregory. Priest at age 21 in1765Teacher at colleges in Parma and Rome, and the monastery of San Callisto, Rome. Family friend of Pope Pius VI. Abbot of San Callisto. Bishop of Tivoli in 1782Bishop of Imola in the Papal States. Created cardinal by Pope"Pius VI on 14 February 1785. Elected Pope on 14 March 1800 following a 14 week conclave.

Signed the Concordat of 1801 with Napoleon Bonaparte in order to re-establish the Church in post-RevolutionaryFrance. It permitted the civil government to nominate bishops and archbishops, but left it to the Pope to confirm them. Much of the agreement was erased by later declarations (the Organic Acts) by Napoleon, declarations with Pius did not accept. Travelled to Paris in 1804 to crown Napoleon emperor, but Napoleon took the crown from Pius's hands, crowning himself.

When Napoleon realized that Pius would not be his puppet, he invaded Italy, taking Rome in 1808 and the Papal States in 1809. Pius was captured and imprisoned in Fontainebleau, France and SavonaItaly, and forced to sign on to another concordat, which he later disavowed.

Freed upon Napoleon's downfall, and returned to Rome on 24 May 1814; instituted the Feast of Mary, Help of Christians on 24 May in commemoration. Extended the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows to the whole Church on 18 September 1814. Restored the Jesuits so they could help in his renewed mission to revive the Church in war-torn Europe. Patron of the arts. Fell on 6 July 1823, fracturing his thigh; he died while recuperating from his injury.
Born
17 August 1740 at Cesena, Papal States (modern Italy)
Papal Ascension
21 March 1800 at VeniceItaly
Papal Beatifications
xxxx: John of Vespignano
1837John de Massias
Died
20 August 1823 at RomeItaly of complications following an injury
Images
Gallery of images of [4 images, kb]
Writings
Diu Satis: On A Return To Gospel Principles, 15 May 1800
Litany of Our Lady of Seven Sorrows
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