tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87949604373056351992024-03-18T21:32:28.923-07:00Nico Narrates AudiobooksRacingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.comBlogger1619125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-39801921357174699852016-10-18T07:38:00.002-07:002016-10-18T07:38:49.708-07:00Spotlight On 2016 Pilot Launch Contest Winner Nicole Quinn<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYKFGPGyzwvsEAWYCKAUUfcRKqPfvn8Z4K1nv_qiTcAE3uMwaNyTDibpdMMC08GFDKcm7GZ2yROCjaq6A4UxwKmxxR8-wlEmTQIcqMa-4cHBuk7z6pA4IqRXgXRd9m29zGXOPEHFPVxcuq/s1600/539890_377019089001518_1955129302_n.jpg"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYKFGPGyzwvsEAWYCKAUUfcRKqPfvn8Z4K1nv_qiTcAE3uMwaNyTDibpdMMC08GFDKcm7GZ2yROCjaq6A4UxwKmxxR8-wlEmTQIcqMa-4cHBuk7z6pA4IqRXgXRd9m29zGXOPEHFPVxcuq/s320/539890_377019089001518_1955129302_n.jpg" width="212" /></a><br />
<br />
By Naomi Beaty<br />
October 14, 2016 <br />
<br />
Nicole
Quinn’s script An Act Of God has been named the Web Series winner in
the 2016 ScreenCraft Pilot Launch TV Script Contest and we recently
asked her to discuss her past, present, and future in writing.<br />
A
varied and prolific writer, Nicole’s feature film Racing Daylight, a
love story across time, stars Melissa Leo and David Strathairn. Her
short plays are published by Playscripts inc. The Gold Stone Girl
trilogy, a feminist-dystopian fantasy, is available for Kindle and on
Audible and iTunes.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft:</b> Can you give me an overview of your writing experience and background? Where and when did your storytelling roots begin?<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>
I’m a storyteller. It was confusing for me as a child because my
stories were often called lying, which is maybe why it remains a guilty
pleasure. I’m adopted, and because I know little concrete information
about who I might have been, I’ve allowed myself to be anything. The
abandoned child of clandestine spies was a favorite at age five.
Pretending proved muscle building for my imagination. Convent boarding
school and UC Berkeley added humanities to my understanding of the
craft.<br />
<br />
I was an actor first. I came to writing after
the birth of my first child. I found that I liked it, and I could play
all the characters in the piece without ever leaving home. I got my WGA
card in 1993 and collaborated with some amazing artists in the studio
system at the time, John Singleton, Jodie Foster, Meg LeFauve, Carol
Polakoff, while never getting anything made.<br />
<br />
It’s hard
to get anything made in the system, and stories that don’t fit a mold
are even harder to get financed. I didn’t want to spend my time issue
rigging stories about race and gender. My interest is human stories,
where those issues are part and parcel of the plot and not just
gratuitous tokens to inclusion.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft:</b> Tell me about your writing community…<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>
Our region is rich in artists, the Hudson Valley, specifically Ulster
County, so it’s a wonderful place to collaborate. I sit on the board of
the Rosendale Theatre Collective, a community owned single screen movie
theater, and co-chair its programming committee. I belong to
Actors&amp;Writers where I get to perform in new works by talented
professionals. The Woodstock Film Festival is here, BCDF Pictures, as
well as Storyhorse Theater. Many theater, film, and television
professionals make their homes here. It’s been possible to host table
reads with some of the best talent in the world. There’s much cross
pollinating, and it’s a bucolic landscape to boot.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft: </b>Where
did the concept of your Pilot Launch contest-winning web series, An Act
of God, come from? How does it fit in with your body of work?<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>The
idea for An Act of God popped into my head when I was wondering how to
get what goes on in someone’s head, while they’re thinking and not
speaking, center stage w/o voice over. I was thinking about the short
form model and what content might hold me on a small screen. Not an
intimate and niche story, but something fast moving and set on the world
stage. I was also considering how we consume media now, and how a story
told in 10-10 min bites, when seamed together, would make a reasonable
100 min movie when consumed as long form on a larger screen, if you
considered the scene breaks from the beginning. And so I was off.<br />
I
often write with actors in mind for the principal roles. Usually they
are people I know, but not always. I didn’t know Giancarlo Esposito, but
then a friend was working wardrobe in Texas on a film he was in and she
asked him if I could send him a script, and he said yes. Two years
later he showed up for his first costume fitting and I was totally
shocked and amazed that this incredible artist responded to the work and
came to give me the gift of taking my characters and making them his
own. You never know if you don’t ask.<br />
I write in whatever medium
the story demands. I intended to write The Gold Stone Girl as a
screenplay and eight years later I had a trilogy of novels. It was too
big a story to be a movie, it wanted a longer form. So now, I’m puffing
it up as a limited series. I like the whole story series, much more
familiar on the BBC. A finite number of episodes to tell a great strong
story, then it’s over and on to something new and equally engaging.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft:</b> How do you typically approach stories? And can you give an overview of what your writing process involves?<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>
I’m a complete story nerd. I think story is everything. It’s history,
it’s art, it’s human nature. Sometimes I think writers are like fly
paper, or like flowers pollinated with memory as story floating around
in the ether. Sometimes it’s a place, or a scent, a sound, a breeze. I
tend to think in pictures, so I write what I see in my head. It’s word
music, painting a landscape of language.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft:</b> In your career as a screenwriter thus far, what craft or business lesson has made the biggest impact or was the hardest won?<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>
Believing in myself, my work, that’s been my hardest battle. Not giving
up. When someone says you can’t do that, now it automatically
translates in my head to, okay, you can’t do that. That doesn’t mean I
can’t.<br />
I like learning new things, and I find that if I think like
a beginner there’s more possibility for genius. The more I think I
know, the more limitations I tend to put on myself. Once I unshackle
myself from doubt and fear, then anything is possible. It’s not like I’m
inventing the wheel after all, they’re just stories.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft:</b> What was your experience at ITVFest?<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>
ITVFest is yeasty. So much energy and excitement for media storytelling
in all of its aspects. It’s also world inclusive and very diverse, not
what I expected when I read Dover, Vermont. So shame on me for my
assumptions, and congratulations to ITVFest.<br />
I’ve had meaningful
conversations that were not all about the economics of the business, but
about the bones of the craft, which is so much more interesting to me.
I’m sure business conversations were to be had, but I tend to run from
them. My tragic flaw.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft:</b> Did you glean any surprising or useful storytelling or business insights from your time at ITVFest?<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>
Yes absolutely! I loved the VR, panel, where I learned a lot of useful
info about this new landscape I’m considering how to write for. I loved
the TV tent where I watched amazing short content both comedy and drama.
All well produced and often introducing me to worlds I didn’t know.
Exciting!<br />
<br />
I chatted with John Rhodes and Dominique Holmes, with women writers from the workshop tents, stimulating and creative.<br />
<br />
<b>ScreenCraft:</b> And what’s next for you, career- and project-wise?<br />
<br />
<b>Nicole:</b>
I’ve adapted Shakespeare’s As You Like It into a contemporary gender
bending romp which I plan to shoot in my meadow (Arden) summer 2017 –
Like You is the title. I’ve applied for funding to make the pilot of An
Act of God, while I work on the pilot and series bible of a three season
limited series adapted from my trilogy, The Gold Stone Girl, a
feminist-dystopian fantasy.<br />
<br />
I also narrate audiobooks,
which is another form of storytelling I suppose. I have a new one out on
October 18th, The Next, by Stephanie Gangi, a wonderfully literate
modern ghost story.Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-47769546227270587692016-09-28T06:35:00.004-07:002016-09-28T06:35:51.909-07:00The NextThe Next audiobook excerpt can be found <a href="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/284784460&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false">HERE</a><br />
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<br />Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-30815849088466617702016-09-27T06:23:00.001-07:002016-09-27T06:23:38.244-07:00Like You Reading<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: small;"><i>Will Rosalind find true love with Orlando after she becomes Troy?</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><i>Like You</i></b>, a new screenplay from Hudson Valley writer/director, Nicole Quinn, (<a href="http://www.snagfilms.com/films/title/racing_daylight"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Racing Daylight</span></a>), will be read as part of the <b>Rosendale Theatre’s Artist’s New Work</b> <b>Forum</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>reading cast includes: </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;">Mary
Stuart Masterson as Rosalind, Jeremy Davidson as Orlando, with Michael
O’Keefe, Emily Donahoe, Julie Novak, Sophia Skiles, and Wayne Pyle along with Actors&amp;Writers company
members, Denny Dillon, Mikhail Horowitz, Adam
Lefevre, Nina Shengold, David Smilow, Joe White, and Lori Wilner<b>. </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b>(subject to availability)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;">Adapted from Shakespeare’s </span><span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">As You Like It</span><span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;">, <b><i>Like You</i></b> is a contemporary gender bending romp set in the pastoral forest of Arden. A summer 2017 local movie shoot is planned.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;"><i>Disguised
as a man, Rosalind, and her cousin Celia, escape forced marriage and
religious persecution to find sanctuary among hippies, red necks, and
realtors in the forest of Arden. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;">Come and participate in the development of an indie film script. Then follow the project from script to screen!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: 0px;">At the <a href="http://www.rosendaletheatre./"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Rosendale Theatre</span></a>, 408 Main St, Rosendale, NY, Tuesday September 27, 2016, 7:15 p.m. Admission is FREE! </span><br />
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-11520917649456700052016-09-15T08:35:00.001-07:002016-09-15T08:35:37.525-07:00THE NEXT<br />
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<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Next-novel-love-revenge-ghost/dp/1250110564/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1473953276&sr=8-1-fkmr0&keywords=the+next+s.+gangi">THE <span id="goog_1091044715"></span><span id="goog_1091044716"></span>NEXT</a></div>
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OCTOBER 18, Hardcover and <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Next-novel-love-revenge-ghost/dp/1427280169/ref=tmm_abk_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1473953276&sr=8-1-fkmr0">audiobook</a>, narrated by Nicole Quinn</div>
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Is there a right way to die? If so, Joanna DeAngelis has it all wrong. She’s consumed by betrayal, spending her numbered days cyberstalking Ned McGowan, much younger ex, and watching him thrive in the spotlight with someone new, while she wastes away. She’s every woman scorned, fantasizing about revenge … except she’s out of time.</div>
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Joanna falls from her life, from the love of daughters and devoted dog, into an otherworldly landscape, a bleak infinity she can’t escape until she rises up and returns and sets it right – makes Ned pay – so she can truly move on.</div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-53769629310201161892016-08-25T05:48:00.001-07:002016-08-25T05:48:44.733-07:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDsmUyGIqP48lAaDBUTuZwij2IzpGUSNxY6IuG5ilhEcxM6R6G_yLikoqKlxCTthyCzwt7WJQF-FZJ7TNRYnPSz9nqs-5P_tYZr-npnoavAM3nkqyD-fwqND2oZ8tHvnxa7P7dWvrVhBiJ/s1600/FLYER+WEB+Like+You_Ncole+Quinn_Artists+New+Work+Forum_Rosendale%250D%250A+Theatre.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDsmUyGIqP48lAaDBUTuZwij2IzpGUSNxY6IuG5ilhEcxM6R6G_yLikoqKlxCTthyCzwt7WJQF-FZJ7TNRYnPSz9nqs-5P_tYZr-npnoavAM3nkqyD-fwqND2oZ8tHvnxa7P7dWvrVhBiJ/s400/FLYER+WEB+Like+You_Ncole+Quinn_Artists+New+Work+Forum_Rosendale%250D%250A+Theatre.jpg" width="308" /></a><i>Will Rosalind find true love with Orlando after she becomes Troy?</i><br /><br />Like You, a new screenplay from Hudson Valley writer/director, Nicole Quinn, (Racing Daylight), will be read as part of the Rosendale Theatre’s Artist’s New Work Forum.<br /><br /><u><b>reading cast includes:</b></u> <br />Mary Stuart Masterson as Rosalind, Jeremy Davidson as Orlando, with Michael O’Keefe, and Julie Novak, along with Actors&Writers company members, Sarah Chodoff, Denny Dillon, Davis Hall, Mikhail Horowitz, Adam Lefevre, David Smilow, Joe White, and Lori Wilner. (subject to availability)<br /><br />Adapted from Shakespeare’s As You Like It, Like You is a contemporary gender bending romp set in the pastoral forest of Arden. A summer 2017 local movie shoot is planned.<br /><br /><i>Disguised as a man, Rosalind, and her cousin Celia, escape forced marriage and religious persecution to find sanctuary among hippies, red necks, and realtors in the forest of Arden. </i><br /><br />Come and participate in the development of an indie film script. Then follow the project from script to screen!<br /><br />At the Rosendale Theatre, 408 Main St, Rosendale, NY, Tuesday September 27, 2016, 7:15 p.m. Admission is FREE! <br /><br /><br />Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-40770068986897488362016-05-18T07:09:00.001-07:002016-05-18T07:09:40.673-07:00Farm Stand e-book and audiobook, coming soon!<br />
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A month in the
country, it sounded restful to Adelaide. A month out of the city, just
she and the kids. Farmers, the salt of the earth, good food, anonymity.
It was hot that August, when racial tempers flared and lust flamed
across the corn fields. It was a summer that altered many lives
connected by the Farm Stand. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0uLFtK3iSHfpMPwHNWTjLWRC6JXIqxYSIFGVd9zgeZv_WJE3JQYC8TgghgIM8i8AYNswVTf1q8tSh44zUm5q-TXmWKfNnddKOq7Gt8CrWB-ffTaEi2KrlPe7mhk1HXj-xmz8yXcZzVfJc/s1600/Farm+Stand_RED.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0uLFtK3iSHfpMPwHNWTjLWRC6JXIqxYSIFGVd9zgeZv_WJE3JQYC8TgghgIM8i8AYNswVTf1q8tSh44zUm5q-TXmWKfNnddKOq7Gt8CrWB-ffTaEi2KrlPe7mhk1HXj-xmz8yXcZzVfJc/s400/Farm+Stand_RED.jpg" width="250" /></a></div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-84297549515053057622016-04-21T09:17:00.002-07:002016-04-21T09:17:40.398-07:00Modern History Sourcebook: Napoleon Bonaparte: Farewell to the Old Guard, April 29, 1814 <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEMO0NKukdGuuTNDSNHMDW9pmDLPSSiGpgilQkW5orCUwjxXT0TiUIjLQ0_c0q-l8keX9vm4hXMafRhKgiRJ9IlTAeZa6SAzFy-85JrVzIBedndsWoHwd91IXPQpFOjxPOxsUXUzg0Ol_H/s1600/N-G0023-0019-unfinished-portrait-of-napoleon-i.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEMO0NKukdGuuTNDSNHMDW9pmDLPSSiGpgilQkW5orCUwjxXT0TiUIjLQ0_c0q-l8keX9vm4hXMafRhKgiRJ9IlTAeZa6SAzFy-85JrVzIBedndsWoHwd91IXPQpFOjxPOxsUXUzg0Ol_H/s320/N-G0023-0019-unfinished-portrait-of-napoleon-i.jpg" width="210" /></a></div>
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<span class="H_Title"><a href="http://legacy.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/1814napoleon.asp">http://legacy.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/1814napoleon.asp</a></span>
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<span class="H_body_text"><i>A speech by from April 20, 1814, by Napoleon Bonaparte, after
his failed invasion of Russia and defeat by the Allies.<br />
</i> </span><br />
<div class="H_body_text">
Soldiers of my Old Guard: I bid you farewell. For twenty years
I have constantly accompanied you on the road to honor and glory.
In these latter times, as in the days of our prosperity, you have
invariably been models of courage and fidelity. With men such
as you our cause could not be lost; but the war would have been
interminable; it would have been civil war, and that would have
entailed deeper misfortunes on France. </div>
<div class="H_body_text">
I have sacrificed all of my interests to those of the country. </div>
<div class="H_body_text">
I go, but you, my friends, will continue to serve France. Her
happiness was my only thought. It will still be the object of
my wishes. Do not regret my fate; if I have consented to survive,
it is to serve your glory. I intend to write the history of the
great achievements we have performed together. Adieu, my friends.
Would I could press you all to my heart. </div>
<div class="H_body_text">
Napoleon Bonaparte - April 20, 1814 </div>
<hr />
<div class="H_body_text">
This text is part of the <a href="http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.asp">Internet Modern History Sourcebook</a>.
The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted
texts for introductory level classes in modern European and World
history. </div>
<div class="H_body_text">
Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the
document is copyright. Permission is granted for electronic copying,
distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal
use. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source.
No permission is granted for commercial use of the Sourcebook. </div>
<span class="H_body_text"> (c)Paul Halsall Aug 1997 <br />
</span>Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-28146618571427972672016-03-21T06:57:00.000-07:002016-03-21T06:58:50.724-07:00Napoleon Bonaparte's wedding certificate to be sold at auction The document, from the French military leader’s secret religious wedding to Josephine, is part of US billionaire Christopher Forbes’s collection<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsDOYlPEI_qqwocG09Iu3QTcgPtB0TsF2nOlHiCLLB5qtvEQAA0AO9XhaAP3XsFayYZgQcxz3R2BDovmstknCkRHw7h_a9QpajpsdPmDsT98Uru9-EeWzxYqLtudhR854FbIeuCuh8QyAo/s1600/1429.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsDOYlPEI_qqwocG09Iu3QTcgPtB0TsF2nOlHiCLLB5qtvEQAA0AO9XhaAP3XsFayYZgQcxz3R2BDovmstknCkRHw7h_a9QpajpsdPmDsT98Uru9-EeWzxYqLtudhR854FbIeuCuh8QyAo/s400/1429.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/25/napoleon-bonaparte-wedding-certificate-sold-auction">http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/25/napoleon-bonaparte-wedding-certificate-sold-auction</a><br />
An illustration of French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte dancing with wife Josephine. Photograph: Getty<br />
Press Association<br />
Monday 25 January 2016 18.25 EST Last modified on Monday 25 January 2016 18.35 EST<br />
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The certificate from Napoleon Bonaparte’s secret religious wedding to Josephine in 1804, eight years after their civil marriage, will go under the hammer in March, the French auction house Osenat has said.<br />
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The document is signed and sealed by Cardinal Joseph Fesch, who presided over the wedding that took place at the behest of Pope Pius VII as a condition for his presence at Napoleon’s coronation.<br />
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It is part of a collection being auctioned off by the US billionaire, Christopher Forbes, that mainly comprises artefacts from the reign of Napoleon’s nephew and heir, Napoleon III.<br />
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Fesch, as France’s ambassador to Rome, negotiated the pope’s participation in Napoleon’s grandiose coronation in Notre Dame cathedral when he crowned himself on 2 December 1804.<br />
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The pope had refused to officiate unless Napoleon and Josephine underwent the Catholic wedding rite, and the emperor-to-be agreed in order to avoid a scandal. Fesch secretly performed the ceremony at the Tuileries palace chapel in Paris on 1 December that year.<br />
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Napoleon Bonaparte was initially smitten by Josephine de Beauharnais, whom he described as “worse than beautiful”, but the marriage did not survive their frequent separations while he was leading his various campaigns to conquer Europe.<br />
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The marriage was annulled in 1810, after the couple failed to have children.<br />
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<br />Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-69065662753428772242016-03-07T09:57:00.002-08:002016-03-08T07:16:53.074-08:00WAMC Rountable: Nicole Quinn<a href="http://wamc.org/programs/roundtable#stream/0">http://wamc.org/programs/roundtable#stream/0 </a><br />
Roundtable with Joe Donahue and Sarah LaDuke <br />
March 15, Nicole Quinn<br />
on air: aprox 11:10 a.m.<br />
<br />
For:<br />
Upwift presents: Reel Women In Film<br />
The Linda WAMC’s Perfoming Arts Studio<br />
Friday, March 18, 2016 from 8:00 PM to 11:00 PM (EDT)<br />
Albany, NY<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdWLTHFaEhAYo-4q5LzMHOiuysmUmMWJeWNkzYMv1LkC8s2Ex7wQKK6cPfR5l4BIVAyqFUw8ekNStrJvEKSskGu12qlpquS6QjrO9iugQIS6OedHRC9B_4XqK3xvKp_V8rVXCKpI3Shw/s1600/RacingDaylightPoster.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdWLTHFaEhAYo-4q5LzMHOiuysmUmMWJeWNkzYMv1LkC8s2Ex7wQKK6cPfR5l4BIVAyqFUw8ekNStrJvEKSskGu12qlpquS6QjrO9iugQIS6OedHRC9B_4XqK3xvKp_V8rVXCKpI3Shw/s400/RacingDaylightPoster.jpg" width="285" /></a></div>
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<br />Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-52497405323091632142016-03-04T07:08:00.001-08:002016-03-04T07:08:05.105-08:00Upwift presents: Racing Daylight<a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/reel-women-in-film-tickets-21731022072">https://www.eventbrite.com/e/reel-women-in-film-tickets-21731022072</a><br />
<br />
Reel Women In Film<br />
The Linda WAMC’s Perfoming Arts Studio<br />
Friday, March 18, 2016 from 8:00 PM to 11:00 PM (EDT)<br />
Albany, NY<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdWLTHFaEhAYo-4q5LzMHOiuysmUmMWJeWNkzYMv1LkC8s2Ex7wQKK6cPfR5l4BIVAyqFUw8ekNStrJvEKSskGu12qlpquS6QjrO9iugQIS6OedHRC9B_4XqK3xvKp_V8rVXCKpI3Shw/s1600/RacingDaylightPoster.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLdWLTHFaEhAYo-4q5LzMHOiuysmUmMWJeWNkzYMv1LkC8s2Ex7wQKK6cPfR5l4BIVAyqFUw8ekNStrJvEKSskGu12qlpquS6QjrO9iugQIS6OedHRC9B_4XqK3xvKp_V8rVXCKpI3Shw/s400/RacingDaylightPoster.jpg" width="285" /></a>Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-43518591232154968912016-02-09T06:21:00.000-08:002016-03-04T07:07:48.496-08:00Napoleon BonaparteThis well executed miniature is likely from the studio of Jean-Baptiste Isabey, and may be signed by Isabey himself.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimBsvllZYuzrDuHaP5mJRtQtkUAVgH2Eu_SCJ2lLAWHX5gDZZ3z-Zpw7oaeQl9LuqTPSdHiB4hmnjOiccBmJ-q_lxA0amHgywpKmO0O3ybwKcu3RAjug7WJ_4jJqN_qAd_h8mB8t1emJxv/s1600/pl2_3857_fnt_bw.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimBsvllZYuzrDuHaP5mJRtQtkUAVgH2Eu_SCJ2lLAWHX5gDZZ3z-Zpw7oaeQl9LuqTPSdHiB4hmnjOiccBmJ-q_lxA0amHgywpKmO0O3ybwKcu3RAjug7WJ_4jJqN_qAd_h8mB8t1emJxv/s400/pl2_3857_fnt_bw.jpg" width="287" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/35046/napoleon-bonaparte-2/"> The Walters Art Museum</a><br />
Creative Commons License<br />
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<br />
William T. or Henry Walters [date and mode of acquisition unknown]; Walters Art Museum, 1931, by bequest.<br />
Jean-Baptiste Isabey (French, 1767-1855) (Artist)<br />
PERIOD<br />
1800-1855<br />
MEDIUM<br />
watercolor on ivory <br />
(Miniatures)<br />
ACCESSION NUMBER<br />
38.57<br />
MEASUREMENTS<br />
H: 2 9/16 in. (6.5 cm)<br />
GEOGRAPHIES<br />
France (Place of Origin) Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-75346028353428677482015-12-14T07:32:00.001-08:002015-12-14T07:32:25.751-08:00House of Bernadotte, 1818 – present<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: "open sans" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;"></span><br />
<h1 class="entry-title" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; font-size: 1.571428571rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;"><a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/royal-burial-sites/swedish-royal-burial-sites/house-of-bernadotte-1818-present/">http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/royal-burial-sites/swedish-royal-burial-sites/house-of-bernadotte-1818-present/</a></span></h1>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 21px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 32px;">by Susan Flantzer</span></h1>
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The House of Bernadotte has reigned in Sweden since 1818 when Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, a Marshal of France, assumed the throne as King Carl XIV John (Karl XIV Johan). His predecessor King Carl XIII was childless and the House of Holstein-Gottorp was becoming extinct. On August 21, 1810, the Riksdag (Swedish Parliament) made the decision to appoint Bernadotte as heir to the throne. The first four Bernadotte kings were Kings of Norway until 1905 when the union between Sweden and Norway was dissolved.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadotte" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><br /></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bernadotte" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: House of Bernadotte</a><br />
<a href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/thebernadottedynasty.4.396160511584257f218000814.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Royal Court: The Bernadotte Dynasty</a></div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">House of Bernadotte</strong><br />
<a href="http://www.kongehuset.no/c28580/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28686" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Carl XIV John, reigned February 5, 1818 – March 8, 1844</a><br />
<a href="http://www.kongehuset.no/c28581/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28687" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Oscar I, reigned March 8, 1844 – July 8, 1859</a><br />
<a href="http://www.kongehuset.no/c28583/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28685" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Carl XV, reigned July 8, 1859 – September 18, 1872</a><br />
<a href="http://www.kongehuset.no/c28582/artikkel/vis.html?tid=28688" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Oscar II, reigned September 18, 1872 – December 8, 1907</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_V_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Gustaf V, reigned December 8, 1907 – October 29, 1950</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Gustaf VI Adolf, reigned October 29, 1950 – September 15, 1973</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Carl XVI Gustaf, reigned September 15, 1973 – present</a></div>
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All photos of Riddarholmen Church and its tombs were taken by Susan Flantzer in August, 2011. Please do not copy any photos that I have taken. If you wish to use a photo please contact me.</div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-330.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 330" class="wp-image-12760" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-330-768x1024.jpg" height="591" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="443" /></a><br />
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Riddarholmen Church – photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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Swedish monarchs from Gustavus Adolphus (died 1632) to Gustaf V (died 1950) are buried at Riddarholmen Church in Stockholm except Queen Christina who converted to Roman Catholicism, abdicated, and was buried at St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. King Gustaf VI Adolf who died in 1973 is buried at the Royal Burial Grounds in Haga. Riddarholmen is one of the oldest buildings in Stockholm. It was originally built as a monastery in the late 13th century. During the Reformation, it was transformed into a Protestant church. Now it is used only as a burial place and a place for commemorative services.</div>
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<a href="http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalpalaces/theriddarholmenchurch.4.396160511584257f2180001466.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Royal Court: Riddarholmen Church</a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddarholmen_Church" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Riddarholmen Church</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-371.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 371" class="wp-image-12762" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-371-768x1024.jpg" height="654" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="491" /></a><br />
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Interior of Riddarholmen Church – Photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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The Bernadotte Chapel within Riddarholmen Church contains the tombs of the Bernadotte kings and their wives from Carl XIV John through Gustav V.</div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-375.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 375" class="wp-image-12763 size-large" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-375-1024x768.jpg" height="468" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="625" /></a><br />
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Bernadotte Chapel – Photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/KarlXIVJohanBernadotte.jpg" height="324" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="339" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Carl XIV John, King of Sweden and Norway (reigned February 5, 1818 – March 8, 1844)</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_XIV_Johan_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Charles XIV John of Sweden</a></div>
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Jean Baptiste Bernadotte was born on January 26, 1763 in Pau, France. His parents were Jean Henri Bernadotte, a tax collector, and Jeanne de Saint-Vincent. Bernadotte joined the French army as a private in 1780 and by 1794, he was a general. He distinguished himself in Napoleon Bonaparte’s army and served as Minister of War. When Napoleon became Emperor of the French, he created Bernadotte a Marshal of France. In 1810, just as he was about to start a new position as governor of Rome, the Swedish Riksdag elected him heir to the childless King Carl XIII. The Riksdag wanted a soldier as king because of their worries over Russia. In addition, Bernadotte was popular in Sweden because of his considerate treatment of Swedish prisoners during the recent war with Denmark. Bernadotte became king on February 5, 1818 upon the death of King Carl XIII and reigned as King Carl XIV John.</div>
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On August 16, 1798, Bernadotte married Bernhardine Eugénie Désirée Clary, the sister of Joseph Bonaparte’s wife Julie Clary. His wife was known as Désirée and had previously been engaged to Napoleon. Bernadotte and Désirée had one child, King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway.</div>
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King Carl XIV John died on March 8, 1844 in Stockholm, Sweden at age 81 and was buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-376.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 376" class="wp-image-12764 size-large" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-376-1024x768.jpg" height="468" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="625" /></a><br />
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Tombs of King Carl XIV John and his wife Désirée Clary – Photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/Desiree-Clary_1822.jpg" height="474" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="400" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Désirée Clary, Queen Consort of Sweden and Norway from 1818 – 1844</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_Clary" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Désirée Clary</a></div>
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Born on November 8, 1777 in Marseille, France, Bernardine Eugénie Désirée Clary was the daughter of François Clary, a wealthy silk manufacturer and merchant, and Françoise Rose Somis. Originally engaged to marry Napoleon Bonaparte, Désirée married Jean Baptiste Bernadotte in 1798. The couple were often separated due to Bernadotte’s military duties. At times, Désirée did live with her husband in foreign countries during his military duties, but she loved Paris and always returned there. As Crown Princess, Désirée had difficulty adjusting to the Swedish court and despised the weather in Stockholm. She left Sweden in 1811 and did not return until 1823, five years after her husband became king. When she became Queen Consort of Sweden, she officially changed her name to Desideria, but she did not like the name and never used it personally. She did not learn to speak Swedish and was never happy in Sweden.</div>
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Désirée died at age 83 in Stockholm on December 17, 1860 and was buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/OscarI-1.jpg" height="420" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="315" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Oscar I, King of Sweden and Norway (reigned March 8, 1844 – July 8, 1859)</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_I_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Oscar I of Sweden</a></div>
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King Oscar I was born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte on July 4, 1799 in Paris, France. Napoleon Bonaparte was his godfather. When he was 11, his father Jean Baptiste Bernadotte was elected Crown Prince of Sweden and he moved to Stockholm with his mother Désirée Clary. Oscar was given the title Duke of Södermanland, and, unlike his mother, quickly learned Swedish and adapted to life in Sweden. In 1823, Oscar married Princess Joséphine of Leuchtenberg. The couple had five children, including two kings of Sweden, Carl XV and Oscar II.</div>
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King Oscar I died on July 8, 1859 at age 60 in Stockholm, Sweden and is buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-344.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 344" class="wp-image-12765 size-large" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-344-1024x768.jpg" height="468" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="625" /></a><br />
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Tombs of Oscar I and his wife Josephine of Leuchtenberg to the left of the window – Photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/josephineofleuchtenberg.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><br />
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Joséphine of Leuchtenberg, Queen Consort of Sweden and Norway from 1844 – 1859</strong><br />
Queen Josefina is wearing the Cameo Tiara which was originally made for grandmother Joséphine, Empress of the French, and was worn by her descendant Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden at her wedding in 2010.</div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_of_Leuchtenberg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Joséphine of Leuchtenberg</a></div>
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Princess Joséphine of Leuchtenberg was born on March 14, 1807 in Milan, Italy. Her father was Eugène de Beauharnais, the son of Empress Joséphine (who was Napoleon’s first wife) from her first marriage to Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais who had been guillotined during the French Revolution. Her mother was Princess Augusta of Bavaria, a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden and Charles IX of Sweden, thereby insuring that future members of the House of Bernadotte were descendants of the House of Vasa which ruled Sweden from 1523-1654. Joséphine of Leuchtenberg brought to Sweden jewelry that had belonged to her grandmother Empress Josephine which is still worn members of the Swedish and Norwegian royal families. She is known by the Swedish form of her name Josefina.</div>
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Queen Josefina died in Stockholm on June 7, 1876 at age 69. She remained Roman Catholic, was given a Catholic funeral, and buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/CarlXV.jpg" height="376" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="256" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Carl XV, King of Sweden and Norway (reigned July 8, 1859 – September 18, 1872)</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_XV_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia; Carl XV of Sweden</a></div>
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King Carl XV was born at Stockholm Palace on May 3, 1826, the eldest son of King Oscar I and Joséphine of Leuchtenberg. On June 19, 1850, he married Louise of the Netherlands, niece of King William II of the Netherlands through her father and niece of William I of Prussia, German Emperor, through her mother. The couple had two children, Prince Carl Oscar who died at age 1 and Louise who married King Frederick VIII of Denmark. Although no subsequent monarchs of Sweden have been his descendant, Carl XV’s descendants occupy or have occupied the thrones of Denmark, Luxembourg, Greece, Belgium and Norway.</div>
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King Carl XV died in Malmö, Sweden on September 18, 1872 at age 46 and was buried at Riddarholmen Church. He was succeeded by his brother King Oscar II.</div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-346.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 346" class="wp-image-12766" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-346-1024x768.jpg" height="405" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="540" /></a><br />
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Tombs of Carl XV and his wife Louise of the Netherlands – Photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/LouiseoftheNetherlands.jpg" height="538" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="381" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Louise of the Netherlands, Queen Consort of Sweden and Norway from 1859 – 1872</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_of_the_Netherlands" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Louise of the Netherlands</a></div>
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Princess Louise of the Netherlands was born on August 5, 1828 in The Hague, The Netherlands. Louise’s father was Prince Frederik of the Netherlands, the second son of King Willem I of the Netherlands, and her mother was Princess Louise of Prussia, daughter of King Friederich Wilhelm III of Prussia. In 1850, she married the future Carl XV and adopted the use of the Swedish equivalent of her name, Lovisa. The marriage was an unhappy one. Her husband found Lovisa shy and unattractive and was frequently unfaithful to her. The birth of her son Carl Oscar, who died when he was a year old, left Lovisa unable to have any more children and therefore unable to provide an heir to the throne.</div>
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Lovisa died in Stockholm on March 30, 1871 at age 42 and was buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/OscarII.jpg" height="473" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Oscar II, King of Sweden (and Norway until 1905), reigned September 18, 1872 – December 8, 1907</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_II_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Oscar II of Sweden</a></div>
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King Oscar II was born on was born at Stockholm Palace on January 21, 1829, the third son of King Oscar I and Joséphine of Leuchtenberg. On June 6, 1857 in Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany, he married Princess Sophia Wilhelmina of Nassau. The couple had for sons, including King Gustaf V who succeeded his father. Oscar was a writer, amateur musician, and a great supporter of Arctic exploration. His name and picture has been used on King Oscar brand sardines since 1902.</div>
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King Oscar II died on December 8, 1907 at age 78 at Stockholm Palace and was buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-343.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 343" class="wp-image-12767" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-343-1024x768.jpg" height="350" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="466" /></a><br />
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Tombs of Oscar II and his wife Sophia Wilhelmina of Nassau (on left) – Photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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<img alt="" class="" height="591" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/SophiaONSwedenStanding.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="379" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sophia Wilhelmina of Nassau, Queen Consort of Sweden (and Norway until 1905) from 1872 – 1907</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_of_Nassau" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Sophia of Nassau</a></div>
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Sophia of Nassau was born on July 9, 1836 at Biebrich Palace in Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany. She was the daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau and Princess Pauline of Württemberg. Sophia married the future Oscar II in 1857 and was received enthusiastically in Sweden because Oscar’s older brother and wife could not have any more children.</div>
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Queen Sophia died at Stockholm Palace on December 30, 1913 at age 77 and was buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/GustavV.jpg" height="488" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="350" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gustaf V, King of Sweden (reigned December 8, 1907 – October 29, 1950)</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_V_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Gustaf V of Sweden</a></div>
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King Gustaf V was born on June 16, 1858 at Drottningholm Palace, the eldest son of King Oscar II of Sweden and Sophia of Nassau. On September 20, 1881, Gustaf married Princess Victoria of Baden in Karlsruhe, Germany. Victoria and Gustav had three sons, including King Gustaf VI Adolf who succeeded his father. Gustaf V became king in 1907 and reigned for nearly 43 years.</div>
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At age 92, King Gustaf V died on October 29, 1950 in Drottningholm Palace due to complications of the flu and was buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<img alt="" class="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Funeral_of_Gustav_V_of_Sweden_1950.jpg" height="429" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="330" /><br />
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Crown Prince Carl Gustaf of Sweden (behind him are his sisters Christina and Birgitta) at the funeral of their great grandfather King Gustaf V holding the hands of Queen Louise (left) and his mother Princess Sibylla (right) – Photo Credit: Wikipedia</div>
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<a href="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-345.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Europe_August 5 to 18 345" class="wp-image-12768" src="http://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Europe_August-5-to-18-345-1024x768.jpg" height="424" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="565" /></a><br />
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Tombs of Gustav V and his wife Victoria of Baden – Photo by Susan Flantzer</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/victoriaofbaden.jpg" height="571" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="395" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Victoria of Baden, Queen Consort of Sweden from 1907 – 1930</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_of_Baden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Victoria of Baden</a></div>
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Victoria of Baden was born at Karlsruhe Castle in Karlsruhe, Germany on August 7, 1862. Her parents were Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden and Princess Sophie of Sweden. Sophie’s father was the deposed King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden from the House of Holstein-Gottorp. With this marriage, future members of the House of Bernadotte now had descent from the two previous houses, Vasa and Holstein-Gottorp. Victoria suffered from poor health and spent much time away from Sweden in warmer climates. Her last trip to Sweden was in 1928 for her husband’s 70th birthday.</div>
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On April 4, 1930, Queen Victoria died at the age of 67 in her home, Villa Svezia, in Rome, Italy. She was buried at Riddarholmen Church.</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/GustavVIAdolf.jpg" height="500" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="344" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.714285714; margin-bottom: 1.714285714rem; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden (reigned October 29, 1950 – September 15, 1973)</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_VI_Adolf_of_Sweden" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden</a></div>
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King Gustaf VI Adolf was born November 11, 1882 at the Royal Palace in Stockholm. His parents were King Gustaf V and Victoria of Baden. On June 15, 1905, Gustaf married Princess Margaret of Connaught at St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle. Gustaf and Margaret had five children, including Prince Gustaf Adolf who is the father of the present King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, and Ingrid who married King Frederik IX of Denmark. Another child, Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg who was born in 1916, is still alive and is the only surviving great grandchild of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Margaret died in 1920 and three years later Gustaf married Lady Louise Mountbatten, but this marriage was childless.</div>
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King Gustaf VI Adolf died on September 15, 1973 at age 90 at Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden. He was buried at the Royal Burial Grounds in Haga, the official burial place of the Swedish Royal Family since 1922, alongside his two wives. King Gustaf VI Adolf was succeeded by his grandson, Sweden’s present king, King Carl XVI Gustaf.</div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungliga_begravningsplatsen" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Royal Burial Grounds in Haga</a></div>
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<img alt="" class="" height="480" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Gustaf6AdolfGrave-1.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="640" /><br />
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xGrave of King Gustaf VI Adolf and his two wives, Crown Princess Margaret and Queen Louise. Photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/GustavVI_gravecloseup.jpg" height="640" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="480" /><br />
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Close-up of the grave of King Gustaf VI Adolf and his two wives, Crown Princess Margaret and Queen Louise. Photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/margaretofconnaught.jpg" height="493" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="389" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Margaret of Connaught, Crown Princess of Sweden from 1907 – 1920</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Margaret of Connaught</a></div>
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Princess Margaret of Connaught was born on January 15, 1882 at Bagshot Park near Windsor in the United Kingdom. Her father was Queen Victoria’s third son, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and her mother was Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia. She married the future King Gustaf VI Adolf in 1905. The marriage was a happy one, but was tragically cut short when Margaret died from an infection after a mastoid operation. She was eight months pregnant with her sixth child. Margaret was buried at the Royal Burial Grounds in Haga.</div>
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<img alt="" border="0" src="http://i158.photobucket.com/albums/t81/sef127/Swedish%20Royals/CPMargaret_funeral.jpg" height="256" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="404" /><br />
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Funeral Procession of Crown Princess Margaret – her husband and some of her children can be seen in the middle.</div>
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<img alt="" class="" height="391" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Queenlouise.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="278" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lady Louise Mountbatten, Queen Consort of Sweden from 1950 – 1965</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Mountbatten" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Louise Mountbatten</a></div>
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Lady Louise Mountbatten was born on July 13, 1889 at Heiligenberg Palace, Seeheim-Jugenheim in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Her father was Prince Louis of Battenberg and her mother was Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, daughter of Princess Alice who was Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom’s second daughter. At the time of her birth, Louise was Her Serene Highness Princess Louise of Battenberg. During World War I, when King George V of the United Kingdom changed the family name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor, he requested family members with Germanic names also change their names. Louise’s father had a successful career in the British Royal Navy and had been the First Sea Lord who is the professional head of the Royal Navy. Battenberg was changed to Mountbatten and Louis was created Marquess of Milford Haven in the peerage of the United Kingdom, and Louise came to be known as Lady Louise Mountbatten. Louise was a sister of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, an aunt of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and was also a niece of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (Tsar Nicholas II’s wife).</div>
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Queen Louise, aged 75, died on March 7, 1965 at St. Göran Hospital in Stockholm, following emergency surgery. She had been severely ill for some time. Louise was buried at the Royal Burial Grounds in Haga.</div>
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<img alt="" class="" height="413" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf%2C_Duke_of_Westrobothnia.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="293" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf,_Duke_of_V%C3%A4sterbotten" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten</a></div>
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Prince Gustaf Adolf would have been King had he not tragically died in an airplane crash at age 40. He was born on April 22, 1906 at Stockholm Palace, the son of the future King Gustaf VI Adolf and Princess Margaret of Connaught. In 1931, Prince Gustaf Adolf married Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. The couple had five daughters and one son, King Carl XVI Gustaf, the current king.</div>
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Prince Gustaf Adolf was killed in an commercial airplane crash on January 26, 1947, at the Kastrup Airport, Kastrup, Denmark and was buried at the Royal Burial Grounds in Haga.<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4V9Iwp7ziI" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">You Tube: January 26, 1947 – Plane crash in Copenhagen</a></div>
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<img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Haga_Friedhof.jpg" height="416" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="606" /><br />
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Grave of Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla – Photo Credit: Wikipedia</div>
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<img alt="" class="" height="556" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/SibyllaavSachsenCoburgGothaSmall.jpg/640px-SibyllaavSachsenCoburgGothaSmall.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-width: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="407" /><br />
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photo: Wikipedia</div>
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<strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Princess Sibylla of Sweden, Duchess of Västerbotten</strong></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Sibylla_of_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #21759b; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Wikipedia: Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></div>
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Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was born on January 18, 1908 in Gotha in the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her father was Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, posthumous son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, the hemophiliac son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Her mother was Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein. Sibylla married Prince Gustaf Adolf in 1931 and became a widow at age 39 when her husband died in an airplane crash. Her youngest child of her five children, the future King Carl XVI Gustaf, was only nine months old.</div>
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Princess Sibylla died of cancer on November 28, 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden at age 64. She was buried with her husband at the Royal Burial Grounds in Haga.</div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-41549230867043186762015-11-20T06:14:00.001-08:002015-11-20T06:14:06.328-08:00The Secret Jewish History of Napoleon Bonaparte<br />
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://forward.com/author/benjamin-ivry/">Benjamin Ivry</a></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">August 13</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #ffffff;">, 2015</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><a href="http://forward.com/culture/319002/the-secret-jewish-history-of-napoleon-bonaparte/">http://forward.com/culture/319002/the-secret-jewish-history-of-napoleon-bonaparte/</a></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">The French historian Patrice Gueniffey, born in 1955, is director of the Raymond Aron Center for Political Research at Paris’s l’Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (school of advanced studies in the social sciences). His “Bonaparte: 1769-1802,” originally <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Bonaparte-1769-1802-Patrice-Gueniffey/dp/2070769143/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">published by Gallimard</span></a> in 2013, has recently been published in translation by <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Bonaparte-1769-1802-Patrice-Gueniffey/dp/0674368355/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">Harvard University Press.</span></a> Not long after the bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, the Forward’s Benjamin Ivry spoke with Gueniffey about the thorny subject of Napoleon and the Jews.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Benjamin Ivry: Napoleon was complex, to put it mildly, and his political and historical context even more so. Can it be said categorically whether he was good or bad for the Jews?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Patrice Gueniffey: He was, I think, ultimately rather good [for the Jews], because his policies for the Jewish community in France and the Empire promoted their assimilation into the French nation. The French revolution liberated the Jews but did not assimilate them. Napoleon took up the case again and decided to do for the Jews what he had done for other religions. The French Jewish community became Europe’s most assimilated during the 19th century.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">In his <a href="http://www.amazon.fr/Oeuvres-compl%C3%A8tes-Michelet-XXI-1872-1874/dp/B00HWZ9Z84/"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">“History of the 19th Century,”</span></a> Jules Michelet writes of a “witty Englishman, Mr. Disraeli, who wished to make people believe that Napoleon was of Jewish origin.” What do you say?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">There have been many myths and interpretations on the family origins of Napoleon. At Bonifacio at the extreme south of [his native] island of Corsica, there was a strongly established Jewish community, with many Italians but also Greeks. [François- René de Chateaubriand, who detested Napoleon, said he had African blood. Michelet, who detested him, said he had Jewish blood. We cannot know. [Napoleon’s] family came from Tuscany. Did he have Jewish blood? Who can tell? It’s possible, but his relationships with religions and peoples were always political in nature. When he dealt with Christians, Muslims and others, only political considerations mattered, not religious ones.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Many Jews of the time believed that Napoleon was their benefactor. Primo Levi has pointed out that in Italy, some Jews named their sons Napoleone in his honor, and in Germany, when Jews adopted family names, some chose Schöntheil, or Bonaparte in German. In France, Jews wrote Hebrew prayers to praise Napoleon during services and called him “Helek Tov” in Hebrew or “good portion” (bona-parte), as Ronald Schechter discussed in <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Obstinate-Hebrews-Representations-1715-1815-Studies/dp/0520235576/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">“Obstinate Hebrews: Representations of Jews in France, 1715-1815.”</span></a> As he abolished ghettos and granted civil rights to Jews, convening a council, which he termed with biblical grandeur the Sanhedrin, Napoleon was admired by Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav and Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Rymanov. Were they all wrong?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Not at all. Readers of Martin Buber’s <a href="http://1943/"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">“For the Sake of Heaven” (1943)</span></a> will recall how Buber describes Napoleonic legends in which some Hasidic rabbis saw in Napoleon an instrument of salvation, while others disagreed. At the time, there was still violent hostility against Jews in Italy and in Alsace. Bonaparte’s policy organizing all religions under the control and surveillance of the government was implemented against strong reticence among his own allies as well as the Catholic Church. In this context, Napoleon was at the forefront. He wasn’t far from [the French Roman Catholic priest] Abbé Grégoire, who also argued for the emancipation of the Jews.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">In 1799, Napoleon’s supposed call for a Jewish homeland in the Middle East is discounted by most historians today. Why would such a fictional report have appeared in journals of his time?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">In Paris, when it was discovered that Bonaparte had marched on Palestine, this rumor arose and articles appeared in newspapers. This was something like the ideas of the revolution, to emancipate sister nations. Bonaparte entered Palestine with a small army of 12,000 men with policies identical to those he had with Islamic nations, to watch over and protect them. In Paris there was a current of opinion seeking to emancipate Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews, and this kind of rumor was meant to encourage Napoleon in his policies.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">In a 1940 essay <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Selected-Essays-1934-43-Simone-Weil/dp/B00G8DOH7U/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">“The Great Beast: Some Reflections on the Origins of Hitlerism”</span></a> Simone Weil compares Napoleon to Hitler as an authoritarian leader who terrorized the world. Was Napoleon Hitlerian?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Absolutely not. There was in Napoleon a side of monstrousness and madness. He never knew when to stop, which led to his downfall. There are analogies to be made, to be sure, between Napoleon and Hitler; they were both conquerors of Europe. Yet Napoleon still remains an heir to the age of light. And he believed in freedom as the basis for modern society. He is the son of a country based on centralization and governmental power, France, but in which the government, the monarchy, emancipated society from feudalism and church authority. So the [French] government was always a factor in freedom, against the nobility. Napoleon inherited all this tradition. Even though his story was unreasonable and a bit insane, it had reason behind it.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Since Napoleon was always seeking new recruits to fight for him, would he have heard about the Polish Jewish soldiers Berek Joselewicz and Joseph Aronowicz who fought for the military leader Tadeusz Kościuszko?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">I think yes, and for him it was natural that as a result of their emancipation, the French Jewish community would then serve in his army. In his speeches he insisted a great deal on that. Service to the fatherland meant service in the army. Bonaparte had no prejudices; Egyptians, Sudanese, Jews from Alexandria were all integrated into the Imperial Guard. He also had no affection for anyone. He was neither anti-Semite nor pro-Semite; he felt neither hostility nor sympathy.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Yet <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Les-juifs-France-lemancipation-bibliographie/dp/2738453465/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">the historian Richard Ayoun</span></a> has stated that Napoleon “despised the Jews,” and merely used them for his own projects. Ayoun cites remarks made by Napoleon in 1817 during his exile in Saint Helena to General Gourgaud: “The Jews are a nasty people, cowardly and cruel.” Or when Napoleon wrote to his brother in 1808, calling Jews the “most contemptible of people.”</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">That must be put into context, especially any statement from Saint Helena. There Napoleon is also quoted as making the same type of comments about the Spanish. Like any person who speaks a lot and dictates a lot, many different kinds of things can be found in what he says. There is a difference between Napoleon’s private comments and public acts. To do good for a community, it is not necessary to love them. The vital thing for a national leader is to realize what is needed at the moment and pursue a policy. Whatever Napoleon’s feelings at the moment might have been, he did so. Take the example of the blacks. He used former slaves in his Imperial Guard. Yet when he heard that his sister had a love affair with the brother of [the author of African origin] Alexandre Dumas, he was furious that his sister had slept with a black man. But politics and national interest are another matter and Napoleon must be judged on this more than on his private comments. He was one of the European heads of state who based his policies on the idea of national interest, putting aside personal considerations.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/LAigle-Synagogue-Napol%C3%A9on-Juifs-lEtat/dp/2213632111/?tag=thefor03-20">The French historian Pierre Birnbaum</a></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"> also sees Napoleon’s anti-Semitism, when he likened Jews to “crows” and “locusts ravaging France,” as a “deeply regressive turning point.”</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">The political language of the time was much more brutal. Today political speech is reduced to euphemisms that do not name things as they are. I have difficulty understanding these judgments of Napoleon which are so far from the political reality of things. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Napoleon-Sanhedrin-Littman-Library-Civilization/dp/0710089554/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">The Grand Sanhedrin of 1807 convoked by Napoleon</span></a> was about the will of the Ashkenazi Jews to integrate, to ask them to which point they were ready to assimilate into the national community in exchange for full rights of citizenship. To not be victims of discrimination, they were asked to renounce part of their customs. In 1789, Sephardic Jews, as <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Free-Equal-Emancipating-Frances-1789-1791/dp/1934730386/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">French Jewish historian Robert Badinter has explained,</span></a> had opposed emancipating France’s Ashkenazi Jews because they were too different and would not accept mixed marriages.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">In 1808, Napoleon’s so-called Infamous Decree limiting the residency of Jews in France, taking away freedoms, and harming them economically, was done to appease Tsar Alexander I of Russia as a temporary measure.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">This was a provisional decree for which there were diplomatic motives, because Russia was hostile to French policies toward Jews. Political success depends on momentary concessions to opponents of any policy and Napoleon did similar things elsewhere.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">In 1827, Jean-Baptiste Pérès published a spoof <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Comme-Napol%C3%A9on-jamais-exist%C3%A9-French-ebook/dp/B00VRKT3K0/?tag=thefor03-20"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #0b22a2; text-decoration: underline;">claiming that Napoleon never existed.</span></a> If indeed Napoleon had never existed, would the assimilation of Jews into Europe have occurred without him?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">I think for France, yes, because it was in the spirit of the times. Integration and assimilation were demanded for a long time; the idea of civilization demanded them. In 1787, Protestants were reintegrated in France, and Louis XVI asked the political scientist the Marquis de Condorcet to work on emancipating the Jews. Napoleon continued what the monarchy had begun. Without Napoleon, it would have happened in a less authoritarian way, with everything happening fast, without any discussion, but the idea was part of 18th-century civilization. The Revolution overthrew the Church and removed the Church’s political means to oppose it. Napoleon had no powerful opposition to this movement.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Should readers of the Forward share the view of the author François-René de Chateaubriand, who admired Napoleon’s “genius” but loathed his “despotism”?</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">Yes, today, of course. Of course. With Napoleon, there is something worse than despotism, there is a feeling that one can do anything with reality, one can change everything, and with him that was doubtless the most dangerous. He really thought anything was possible; he had an absence of limits in his mind. At the same time, there was a principle of endless adventure, which could only end in catastrophe. A totally positive judgment about Napoleon is absurd and a totally negative view, as some historians have today, is equally absurd.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px color: #000000;">Read more: <a href="http://forward.com/culture/319002/the-secret-jewish-history-of-napoleon-bonaparte/#ixzz3s2a5BbgY"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px; text-decoration: underline;">http://forward.com/culture/319002/the-secret-jewish-history-of-napoleon-bonaparte/#ixzz3s2a5BbgY</span></a></span></div>
Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-9912621019953700902015-11-07T06:15:00.000-08:002015-11-07T06:15:57.496-08:00Napoleon’s Skull Found With Alien Microchip<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-family: "open sans" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; color: #979797; font-family: "open sans" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;">Posted on <span class="updated" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 3, 2015</span> by <span class="vcard author" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 13px; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="fn" href="http://yournewswire.com/author/cyrus/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #979797; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sean Adl-Tabatabai</a></span> in <a href="http://yournewswire.com/category/bizarre/" rel="category tag" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #979797; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; font: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bizarre</a> </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #979797; font-family: "open sans" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><a href="http://yournewswire.com/napoleons-skull-found-with-alien-microchip/">http://yournewswire.com/napoleons-skull-found-with-alien-microchip/ </a></span></span><br />
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<img alt="" src="http://cdns.yournewswire.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/napolean-microchip-480x264.jpg" title="napolean-microchip" /></div>
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Every once in a while, great men rise to power and manage to change the face of the Earth. Genghis Khan, Alexander the Great and Napoleon Bonaparte conquered through bravery and intelligence and by being shrewd and ruthless.</div>
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But there are some who think the success of these grand historical figures lies in the guidance received from external sources.</div>
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In 2012, French scientists were examining Napoleon’s skull when they made an astonishing discovery. Dr. Andre Dubois was looking for signs of a pituitary gland disorder that might have contributed to Napoleon’s short stature when he noticed a tiny protrusion on the inside of the skull.</div>
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Taking a closer look, he found an unusual microchip about a fifth of an inch long embedded inside the bone. Judging by the bone growth around the chip, the researchers concluded that it must have been implanted when Bonaparte was still young.</div>
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The researchers assumed it was a microchip as it didn’t resemble any known technology, past or present. Was Napoleon abducted? He certainly never spoke about this himself.</div>
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The interesting twist is that he had disappeared for a few days in the summer 1794, at the age of 25. Napoleon later claimed he had been held prisoner during the Thermidorian coup but no records of his arrest exist.</div>
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In a relatively short period of time, he had risen to power. He was put in charge of the entire French army and turned it into a successful force. Victory after victory led to him proclaiming himself emperor of France in 1804. He managed to conquer a large portion of Europe while subduing all who opposed him.</div>
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His military strategies were far ahead of his time and Napoleon himself was an accomplished tactician. Dr. Dubois speculated that the implant might have enhanced his abilities somehow. He also hinted that the implant might have altered the electrical signals from the brain to his heart, as he was usually seen with a hand on his chest.</div>
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The consequences of this discovery are tremendous. The usual victims of alien abduction are regular people who play no major roles in human society. If their discovery is true, it means that aliens have intervened in the past to change the course of history and they might do so in the present and future as well.</div>
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If this is the case, the outcome of our unaided history is forever lost. Nobody knows what purpose these interventions served or whether they aimed to help humankind or not.</div>
Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-66419067013650974562015-10-22T10:30:00.001-07:002015-10-22T10:30:23.766-07:00Napoleon I<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig6OrxVP5lKw6AnQGzyry1r74Bt3ARlm_Ei2bXUcaMA-BexHMZhHo2xtvq0Qzad6vbLesOGoiz9Fi8C727ABDZs-Z3Tj5kVGLSqzak3-zeTQ6OIJ_3MZPzJCffZpzECClSTc3kf1nntkKV/s1600/Bonapart_premie-330-exp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig6OrxVP5lKw6AnQGzyry1r74Bt3ARlm_Ei2bXUcaMA-BexHMZhHo2xtvq0Qzad6vbLesOGoiz9Fi8C727ABDZs-Z3Tj5kVGLSqzak3-zeTQ6OIJ_3MZPzJCffZpzECClSTc3kf1nntkKV/s1600/Bonapart_premie-330-exp.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-91314175797820237052015-10-02T06:40:00.001-07:002015-10-02T06:40:34.589-07:00Lock of Napoleon's Hair<br />
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Lock of Napoleon's hair sells for £9,000: Strands cut during his exile following defeat at the Battle of Waterloo found at Surrey property during house clearance </h1>
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<li class="" style="list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>Snip of greying hair was taken from the French Emperor during his exile </strong></span></li>
<li class="" style="list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 1.4em;"><strong>Locket was unearthed by cleaner clearing a house whose owner had died </strong></span></li>
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<span class="article-timestamp article-timestamp-published" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span class="article-timestamp-label" style="font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;">PUBLISHED:</span> 19:20 EST, 9 August 2015 </span>| <span class="article-timestamp article-timestamp-updated" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><span class="article-timestamp-label" style="font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;">UPDATED:</span> 00:50 EST, 10 August 2015</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">A house clearer who found a lock of Napoleon Bonaparte's hair in a gold locket at a terraced house in Surrey is celebrating after it sold for £9,000.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The snip of greying hair was taken from the French emperor during his exile on the South Atlantic island of St Helena following his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The locket was unearthed by the unnamed house clearer who had been called in to remove the contents of a terraced house before it was to be demolished following the death of its owner.</span></div>
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Lucky find: A house cleaner who found a lock Napoleon Bonaparte's hair in a gold locket at a terraced house in Surrey is celebrating after it sold for £9,000. It also had a hand-written note inside (right)</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">An inscription on the back of the case reads: 'Hair of Napoleon 1st St Helena 1816.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">And a handwritten note inside states: 'Obtained by Admiral George Brine when in command of HMS Mosquito guarding Napoleon at St Helena; given by him to my mother; at her death in 1867 given by us to my brother Captain George Brine RN after whose death in 1889 it passed to his widow and at her death in 1890 it came to me.'</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px;"><br /><br />Read more: <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3191685/Lock-Napoleon-s-hair-sells-9-000-Strands-cut-exile-following-defeat-Battle-Waterloo-Surrey-property-house-clearance.html#ixzz3nPwqyhcx" style="color: #003399; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 1px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3191685/Lock-Napoleon-s-hair-sells-9-000-Strands-cut-exile-following-defeat-Battle-Waterloo-Surrey-property-house-clearance.html#ixzz3nPwqyhcx</a><br />Follow us: <a href="http://ec.tynt.com/b/rw?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=MailOnline" style="color: #003580; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 1px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">@MailOnline on Twitter</a> | <a href="http://ec.tynt.com/b/rf?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=DailyMail" style="color: #003580; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 1px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">DailyMail on Facebook</a></span>Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-37022536743968419302015-09-21T06:41:00.003-07:002015-09-21T06:42:12.763-07:00FREE DOWNLOADS!<br />
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To celebrate the release of <b>Rewire, The Gold Stone Girl book 3</b> </div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Its-Nightmare-Gold-Stone-Girl-ebook/dp/B00KAL9OB0/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1401462081&sr=8-1&keywords=it%27s+a+nightmare+nicole+quinn">It’s a Nightmare</a></b> &amp; <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Disbelief-Gold-Stone-Girl-Book-ebook/dp/B00SSJ2C7O/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1422456743&sr=8-8&keywords=disbelief"><b>Disbelief</b> </a><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-57388145734297145472015-09-18T05:30:00.001-07:002015-09-18T05:33:07.077-07:00Brooklyn Book Festival<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Drop by booth #204 and say hi!</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Sunday September 20, 2015</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Come and visit The Gold Stone Girls September 20th at the Brooklyn Book Festival booth 204!</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><b>REWIRE</b>, book 3 - out September 27. Delivering audio files on Monday! </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Times; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQFhwMe2r55G344DsaBv1CW4jkqIkJx9DmqiGZhm-fClcpIFc5t2o9Zgb-NTIT2SCXXLigMyUAzGT1j0FOW3HBg0HJvbNZ4hitJzeWOWsRIFAjlsJpsDVRxALDD01vRxg0WOYd747gmBmo/s1600/NicoleQuinn_BkBookFestivalAd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQFhwMe2r55G344DsaBv1CW4jkqIkJx9DmqiGZhm-fClcpIFc5t2o9Zgb-NTIT2SCXXLigMyUAzGT1j0FOW3HBg0HJvbNZ4hitJzeWOWsRIFAjlsJpsDVRxALDD01vRxg0WOYd747gmBmo/s320/NicoleQuinn_BkBookFestivalAd.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="313" /></a></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Cover Art: Caitlin Quinn</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://cargocollective.com/CaitlinPageQuinn">http://cargocollective.com/CaitlinPageQuinn</a>, </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://www.antlerandwoods.com/">http://www.antlerandwoods.com/</a></span></div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-66612791632280529942015-09-17T15:11:00.001-07:002015-09-17T15:11:03.011-07:00FREE DOWNLOADS!<br />
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To celebrate the release of <b>Rewire, The Gold Stone Girl book 3</b> </div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><b style="background-color: red;">FREE downloads</b><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"> of books 1&amp;2 - </span>9/27-10/1/2015<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Its-Nightmare-Gold-Stone-Girl-ebook/dp/B00KAL9OB0/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1401462081&sr=8-1&keywords=it%27s+a+nightmare+nicole+quinn">It’s a Nightmare</a></b> &amp; <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Disbelief-Gold-Stone-Girl-Book-ebook/dp/B00SSJ2C7O/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1422456743&sr=8-8&keywords=disbelief"><b>Disbelief</b> </a><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-61742086095377269062015-09-02T04:20:00.004-07:002015-09-02T06:03:29.821-07:00We Killed a Nun and other EssaysI have an essay on the Hippocampus Magazine website this month. Check it out:<br />
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<a href="http://www.hippocampusmagazine.com/2015/09/we-killed-a-nun-by-nicole-quinn/">http://www.hippocampusmagazine.com/2015/09/we-killed-a-nun-by-nicole-quinn/</a><img alt="eraser on chalkboard ledge" class="aligncenter wp-image-8737 size-full" src="http://www.hippocampusmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Jack-Amick.jpg" height="300" width="400" /><br />
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other essays online:</div>
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<a href="http://www.rewritingmarysue.com/rms/rewritingtheshero">http://www.rewritingmarysue.com/rms/rewritingtheshero</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.rewritingmarysue.com/rms/againsttypewickedmother">http://www.rewritingmarysue.com/rms/againsttypewickedmother</a></div>
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<a href="http://author.bethbarany.com/2014/09/10/my-kick-ass-heroine-just-wants-to-be-normal-by-nicole-quinn/">http://author.bethbarany.com/2014/09/10/my-kick-ass-heroine-just-wants-to-be-normal-by-nicole-quinn/</a></div>
Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-61224233692946192022015-08-26T05:47:00.001-07:002015-08-26T05:50:59.908-07:00Brooklyn Book Festival<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Sunday September 20, 2015</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://www.brooklynbookfestival.org/map" rel="nofollow nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">http://</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none;"></span><span style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">www.brooklynbookfestival.or</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="cursor: pointer;">g/map</span></span></a></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;">Come and visit The Gold Stone Girls September 20th at the Brooklyn Book Festival booth 204!</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><b>REWIRE</b>, book 3 - out September 27. Recording of the audiobook starts Monday! Cover coming soon!</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://cargocollective.com/CaitlinPageQuinn">http://cargocollective.com/CaitlinPageQuinn</a>, </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #141823; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://www.antlerandwoods.com/">http://www.antlerandwoods.com/</a></span></div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-29889256352054148792015-08-26T05:37:00.002-07:002015-08-26T05:38:40.571-07:00Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;"></span><br />
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<a href="from:%20http://shannonselin.com/2015/02/jerome-napoleon-bonaparte/">From: http://shannonselin.com/2015/02/jerome-napoleon-bonaparte/</a></div>
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<img alt="Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte" class="size-full wp-image-2791" src="http://shannonselin.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Jerome-Napoleon-Bonaparte.jpg" height="438" width="350" /></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte was the son of Napoleon’s youngest brother Jérôme and Baltimore socialite Elizabeth (Betsy) Patterson, the subject of<a href="http://shannonselin.com/2015/02/elizabeth-patterson-bonaparte/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, Napoleon’s American sister-in-law">last week’s post</a>. As Napoleon had broken up his parents’ marriage before Jerome was even born, Napoleon never acknowledged the boy as a Bonaparte. Despite Betsy’s best efforts to raise her son as a European of rank and fortune, Jerome was not convinced that Europe was the place for him. He preferred life in the United States. Though Jerome ultimately married well, he lacked ambition and was content to be an American gentleman farmer.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;"></span><br />
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Raising a potential prince</span></h2>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte was born on July 7, 1805 in Camberwell, which was then a separate town south of London in the United Kingdom. His mother brought him to the United States a few months after his birth. Jerome spent his childhood under the care of Betsy and her father, the wealthy Baltimore merchant <a href="http://www.mdhs.org/museumitem/william-patterson-1752-1835-thomas-sully-1821-188311" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">William Patterson</a>. Betsy nicknamed Jerome “Bo.” She also called him “Cricket.” Though the Pattersons were Protestants, Betsy had Jerome baptized as a Catholic, hoping that the Bonapartes might one day acknowledge him in the imperial line of succession.</span></div>
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Betsy believed that Jerome should receive an education suitable to a person of high status. He took his early schooling at Mount St. Mary’s College in Emmitsburg, Maryland. When Jerome was 14, Betsy moved to Geneva and placed him in a school there. One gets a sense of the boy’s life from a letter Betsy wrote to her father in April 1820:</div>
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The French Chargé at Amsterdam refused me a passport for [Bo] to travel through France.… [H]e said his resemblance to the emperor was so striking that it would expose me to great inconvenience in that country….</div>
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[T]his child has more conversation and better manners, a more graceful presentation than other children of his age…and I am constantly tormented with the fear of seeing him spoiled by the compliments paid him in society. … He has grown taller and much better looking; he is thought very handsome, but I do not myself think him by any means a beauty, and regret that others tell him so, as it is a kind of praise which never made any one better or happier. …</div>
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Bo has written to you for money to buy a horse, which I beg you not to send him. He pretends it will be more economical for him to keep a horse than for me to pay nine francs per week for riding lessons; but I prefer paying twice that sum rather than allow him to ride about the country. …</div>
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Bo has lessons of every kind. His hours of recreation are filled by dancing, fencing and riding…. He speaks French very fluently, as he takes all his lessons in this language, the knowledge of which I always considered highly important in his circumstances. (1)</div>
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Meanwhile, Bo was keen to get back to the United States. He wrote to his grandfather: “Since I have been in Europe I have dined with princes and princesses and all the great people in Europe, but I have not found a dish as much to my taste as the roast beef and beef-steaks I ate in South Street” (at his grandfather’s house). In another letter he added,</div>
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I never had any idea of spending my life on the continent; on the contrary as soon as my education is finished, which will not take me more than two years longer, I shall hasten over to America, which I have regretted ever since I left it. (2)</div>
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Marriage hopes</h2>
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Betsy pinned her hopes for Bo’s future on his education and a good marriage, and on the Bonaparte connection. After Napoleon’s death, it became her project to get him recognized by the Bonaparte family and to thereby secure some funds for him. To this end she took Jerome to Rome for the winter of 1821-22, where he charmed his grandmother, <a href="http://shannonselin.com/2014/03/napoleons-mother-letizia-bonaparte/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Napoleon’s mother, Letizia Bonaparte">Letizia Bonaparte</a>, and his aunt <a href="http://shannonselin.com/2014/03/pauline-bonaparte/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="How Pauline Bonaparte lived for pleasure">Pauline Borghese</a>. In December 1821 Jerome wrote to his grandfather:</div>
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I have been received in the kindest manner possible by my grandmother, my uncles, and aunts, and cousins, and all my nearest and most distant relations, who are in Rome. We mean to stay here during the winter.… I have been so much occupied in looking for apartments for mamma, making tight bargains, and seeing my relations that I have not had time to see anything of Rome, except St. Peter’s celebrated church, which I have seen but superficially. (3)</div>
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While Jerome was in Rome, the Bonapartes conceived the idea of marrying him to <a href="http://shannonselin.com/2014/07/joseph-bonaparte-king-spain-new-jersey/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Joseph Bonaparte: From King of Spain to New Jersey">Joseph Bonaparte’s</a> youngest daughter <a href="http://shannonselin.com/2015/01/charlotte-bonaparte/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Charlotte Bonaparte, Napoleon’s artistic niece">Charlotte</a>. Here is Betsy’s take on the proposition, from a letter to her father in January 1822:</div>
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As I plainly see, it is the only sure way of relieving myself of the expense he occasions me and I can ill afford. … I do, indeed, regret that there is no one of the whole [Bonaparte] connection rich enough to allow me twelve hundred dollars a year for Bo’s maintenance. … He has resumed his family name, which piece of vanity may give me some trouble about his passports. … I can only say I have spent my time and money on this boy. (4)</div>
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Jerome wrote to his grandfather at the same time:</div>
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My grandmother and my aunt and uncle talk of marrying me to my uncle’s, the Count of Survilliers’ daughter, who is in the United States. I hope it may take place, for then I would return immediately to America to pass the rest of my life among my relations and friends. Mamma is very anxious for the match. My father is also, and all of my father’s family, so that I hope you will also approve of it. (5)</div>
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Just as he does in <a href="http://shannonselin.com/book/napoleon-in-america/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Napoleon in America"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Napoleon in America</em></a>, Jerome arrived in April 1822 at Joseph Bonaparte’s estate in Bordentown, New Jersey, with instructions to charm Charlotte and her father. Though Joseph liked the boy, whom he had met once before, he preferred to marry Charlotte to a cousin formally recognized as a Bonaparte.</div>
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With a Bonaparte marriage off the cards, Betsy’s next plan for Bo’s advancement was to get him enrolled at Harvard. After eight months’ preparation under a tutor in Lancaster, Mass., Jerome was admitted to Harvard in February 1823. He requested and received an exemption from having to attend Protestant services in the college chapel.</div>
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I would appear very inconsistent, if, after having stayed away from their church for upwards of a year, I were to go there now; and as I have been brought up a Catholic, I would not wish to change my religion; and moreover, my grandmother and several of my father’s family being great devotees, they would think it a crime were I to enter a heretical church. (6)</div>
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Jerome was suspended for three months in 1824 for an incident involving drinking with members of his college club. He took advantage of the break in his studies to visit the <a href="http://shannonselin.com/2015/03/napoleon-and-marquis-de-lafayette/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Napoleon and the Marquis de Lafayette">Marquis de Lafayette</a>, who was then visiting Boston.</div>
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Jerome graduated from Harvard in 1826 with a law degree. Encouraged by his mother, he went back to Italy for another visit with the Bonapartes. This time he finally got to meet his father, with whom he had been in correspondence. Jérôme senior was not keen on the visit, fearing it that it might be construed by the royal courts of Württemberg and Russia as an attempt to invalidate Jérôme’s marriage to Princess Catharina of Württemberg. Despite this, the visit went well. Bo wrote to his grandfather in December 1826: “From my father I have received the most cordial reception, and am treated with all possible kindness and affection.” (7) Still, he pined for home. A month later he wrote:</div>
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I have now been three months with my father: two in the country, and one month at Rome. He continues always very kind to me; but I see no prospect of his doing anything for me. … My father is very anxious for me to remain with him altogether, but I cannot think for a moment of settling myself out of America, to whose government, manners, and customs I am too much attached and accustomed, to find pleasure in those of Europe, which are so different from my early education. … [W]ith my father I am living in a style which I cannot afford, and to which, if I once became accustomed, I should find it very difficult to give up; moreover, I am now of an age in which I must think of doing something for myself, and America is the only country where I can have an opportunity of getting forward. (8)</div>
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In 1827 Jerome returned to the United States. In November 1829, to his grandfather’s satisfaction and his mother’s chagrin, he married a wealthy Baltimore girl, Susan May Williams (b. 1812). Her father was one of the founders of the first intercity railroad company in the United States, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Susan came with a $200,000 dowry. William Patterson gave the newlyweds <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose_Mansion_and_Chapel" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Montrose Mansion</a>.</div>
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Jerome’s father and the Bonaparte relatives congratulated Jerome on the marriage. Betsy reconciled herself to it:</div>
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I tried to give him the ideas suitable to his rank in life; having failed in that, there remains only to let him choose his own course. … When I first heard that my son could condescend to marry any one in Baltimore, I nearly went mad. Every one told me that it was quite impossible for me to make him like myself, and that, if he could endure the mode of life and the people in America, it was better to let him follow his own course than to break off a marriage where there was some money to be got, and leave him to marry a person of less fortune. I have no dislike to the woman he has married. … I must try and content myself by the reflection that I did all I could to disgust him with America. (9)</div>
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The American farmer</h2>
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With his fortune now assured, Jerome devoted himself to the management of his large estate and the cultivation of his farm. An 1842 newspaper article noting Jerome’s chairmanship of a committee of a Maryland Agricultural Society (“to award premiums for the best show of horses”), dubbed him “the American farmer.” (10) He was, by all accounts, an amiable and polished man.</div>
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Jerome and Susan had two sons, Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II, born on November 5, 1830, and Charles Joseph Bonaparte, born on June 9, 1851.</div>
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During the reign of King Louis Philippe, Jerome and Susan were allowed to visit Paris, but only under the name of Patterson. This they did in 1839.</div>
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When Jerome’s cousin Louis Napoleon (the son of <a href="http://shannonselin.com/2014/03/louis-bonaparte-napoleons-defiant-puppet/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Louis Bonaparte, Napoleon’s defiant puppet">Louis Bonaparte</a>) ascended the French throne as Napoleon III, he invited Jerome and his eldest son to visit France. They arrived in Paris in June 1854 and dined with the Emperor at the Palace of Saint Cloud. Napoleon III restored the right of Jerome and his descendants to use the Bonaparte name; however, they were denied any rights of affiliation and continued to be excluded from the line of succession. Recognizing Jerome as a true prince of the family would have made Jérôme senior’s children with Catharina of Württemberg illegitimate.</div>
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Napoleon III also invited Jerome’s son, Jerome Napoleon II, who had studied at the US Military Academy at West Point and served in Texas with the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen, to join the French army. Jerome Napoleon II resigned from the US Army and proceeded to Crimea as a French lieutenant of dragoons. He also fought in Algeria, in Italy and in the Franco-Prussian War before returning to the United States. He was highly decorated for his services.</div>
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Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte died of throat cancer on June 17, 1870, at the age of 64. One obituarist noted:</div>
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Efforts have been made to induce him to assert his claims to the family honors; but being of a modest and unambitious nature, he preferred to cultivate corn and cabbages to entering the arena of French politics. (11)</div>
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A later journalist observed:</div>
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Mr. Bonaparte was a gentleman of refined taste and culture. His late residence in Baltimore is probably the most interesting in the South, and in Napoleonic portraits, curiosities and relics, it is, perhaps, the most interesting in America. One room in the house is entirely devoted to Bonaparte. (12)</div>
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Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in Loudon Park Cemetery in Baltimore. His father had died in 1860, without making any provision for him in his will. His mother and his wife outlived him. Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II married the granddaughter of Daniel Webster, had two children, and died in 1893. His younger brother Charles graduated from Harvard and served in President Theodore Roosevelt’s cabinet as US Secretary of the Navy and, later, as US Attorney General. He helped create the Bureau of Investigation, the precursor to the FBI. Charles died childless in 1921.</div>
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For more about Betsy and her son, and to see a painting of Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte as a boy, visit the Maryland Historical Society’s website: <a href="http://www.mdhs.org/betsy-bonaparte/a-mothers-love" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #660000; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">“Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte: Woman of Two Worlds.”</a></div>
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<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eugène Lemoine Didier, <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Life and Letters of Madame Bonaparte</em> (New York, 1879), pp. 63-64.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid</em>., p. 74.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid</em>., p. 84.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid.</em>, pp. 87-88.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid</em>., p. 87.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid</em>., p. 117.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid.,</em> p. 195.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid.,</em> p. 198.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ibid.</em>, p. 221.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The North American And Daily Advertiser</em> (Philadelphia), Nov. 2, 1842.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Daily Evening Bulletin</em> (San Francisco), June 18, 1870, p. 2.</li>
<li style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Baltimore Bonapartes,” <em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Scribner’s Monthly</em>, Vol. X, No. 1 (May 1875), p. 8.</li>
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</span>Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-44274935821210599262015-08-13T06:22:00.001-07:002015-08-13T06:22:25.261-07:00<br />
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The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte</h1>
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As a young artillery officer, Napoleon Bonaparte gained prominence with heroic exploits at Toulon and Paris during the French Revolution.</h2>
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by Michael Haskew</h6>
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Born on the island of Corsica to parents of minor nobility on August 15, 1769, Napoleon Bonaparte, the future Emperor of France and one of the leading military strategists and tacticians in history, graduated from the French military academy, the prestigious École Militaire, in September 1785, ranking 42nd in a class of 58 </div>
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As the French Revolution erupted, Napoleon, a lieutenant of artillery, spent long months in his native Corsica while rival factions, including nationalists, royalists, and radicals, vied for control of the island. He eventually sided with the Corsican Jacobins, opposing an independence movement, and despite long periods away from the army, was promoted to captain. He rejoined his regiment in the French city of Nice in June 1793.</div>
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War At Home & Abroad</h2>
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By then, the governing National Convention had abolished the monarchy and exerted tremendous influence on the daily lives of the French people. However, in some areas of the country, particularly outside Paris, many Frenchmen disagreed with the government’s policies and incited open rebellion. Civil unrest broke out across France, and the National Convention was compelled to send troops to restore order in several major cities.</div>
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Revolutionary France was also at war with various monarchies in Europe, and at the port of Toulon on the southern coast rebels had actually invited British warships into the harbor, effectively handing control of the city to the principal enemy of France. During the fighting at Toulon in the summer of 1793, the commander of the National Convention forces’ artillery was wounded. Through the influence of Antoine Saliceti, a political officer who accompanied the army to Toulon and happened to be a fellow Corsican and friend of the Bonaparte family, young Napoleon was given command of the artillery at Toulon.</div>
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Napoleon’s Quick Rise</h2>
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Promoted to the rank of major in September and to adjutant general the following month, Napoleon formulated a plan to capture a hill with a commanding view of the British positions around the city. From there, his guns could fire on the harbor below, and the enemy might be forced to withdraw. On December 16, during the assault to capture the heights, Napoleon received a bayonet wound in the thigh. Nevertheless, the hill was taken, and the British withdrew. Within a week of the victory, he was promoted to brigadier general at the age of 24.</div>
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Napoleon’s writings in support of the National Convention had already gained him the favor of Augustin Robespierre, the younger brother of Maximilien Robespierre, the primary leader of the continuing French Revolution. Serving as a political officer with the army, Augustin wrote to his brother praising Napoleon’s conduct at Toulon, and the following February Bonaparte was named commander of the artillery of the French Army of Italy.</div>
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Robespierre was driven from power during the Thermidorian Reaction in July 1794, and Napoleon was imprisoned but soon released and assigned to the Bureau of Topography in Paris. In October, the French capital was rocked by an insurrection. Thermidorian leader Paul Barras knew of Napoleon’s military exploits at Toulon and placed him in command of the forces defending against the uprising. During the ensuing battle, remembered as 13 Vendémiaire, Napoleon utilized artillery to defeat the rebels.</div>
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In a single day, the youthful officer earned the gratitude of the new government, known as the Directory. He was given command of the Army of Italy and appointed Commander of the Interior. The star of Napoleon Bonaparte was ascendant, and he rose to dominate the political and military scene in Europe for the next 20 years.</div>
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Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-73467575695664387502015-07-11T06:14:00.001-07:002015-07-12T07:28:36.043-07:00The Harlem Book Fair<br />
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Mina and I will be exhibitors at The Harlem Book Fair, July 18.</div>
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You can find us on 135th st, between Lenox Ave and Adam Clayton Powell</div>
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In Writer's Row: Blue Barn Productions - R6</div>
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<img alt="" class="s2imgimage" src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/bce9ed_7e0dff6e3f5e4250aaab99c8c51e2b53.jpg_srz_p_162_159_75_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz" data-reactid=".0.$SITE_ROOT.$desktop_siteRoot.$SITE_HEADER.1.1.$i4et9fok.0.0.0" id="i4et9fokimgimage" style="cursor: move; display: block; height: 159px; width: 162px;" /><img alt="" class="s2imgimage" src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/bce9ed_a483779915b84e63a677d606775104ae.jpg_srz_p_162_158_75_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz" data-reactid=".0.$SITE_ROOT.$desktop_siteRoot.$SITE_HEADER.1.1.$i4eta65x.0.0.0" id="i4eta65ximgimage" style="cursor: move; display: block; height: 158px; width: 162px;" /></div>
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<img alt="" class="s1imgimage" src="http://static.wixstatic.com/media/bce9ed_79a36fd7294b4106990552ee3ac89a0e.jpg_srz_p_161_158_75_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz" data-reactid=".0.$SITE_ROOT.$desktop_siteRoot.$SITE_HEADER.1.1.$i8luwpu4.0.0.0" id="i8luwpu4imgimage" style="cursor: move; display: block; height: 158px; width: 161px;" /></div>
Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8794960437305635199.post-49537202122783615322015-06-16T10:28:00.001-07:002015-06-16T10:28:53.186-07:002015 Wheatley Awards Nominees<br />
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<b>Congratulations to all of the writers! Mina and I are so grateful to be included.</b></div>
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<b><a href="http://www.harlembookfair.com/#!where-to-stay/cjg9">http://www.harlembookfair.com/#!where-to-stay/cjg9</a></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #a00826; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold;">The books listed have been selected for final consideration.</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>First Fiction</b></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">A<b>dinkrahene: Fear of a Black Planet </b>by Jeffery A. Faulkerson</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Born at Dawn </b>by Nigeria Lockley</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>It's A Nightmare, The Gold Stone Girl, Book 1 </b>by Nicole Quinn</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Once In A Lifetime In Love </b>by Sonya Felice Jenkins</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Princesa </b>by Maria L. Perez</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Reason </b>by Tiombe Jones</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Shifting Allegiances: A Nigerian's Story of Nigeria, America & Culture </b>by Amaka Lily</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Tea Leaf: What Hides Underneath </b>by Mia Mitns</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>The Devil Made Me Do It </b>by Colette R. Harrell</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>The Ugly Secrets of Private Roy </b>by Edward Roy</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>The Unnamed </b>by Elva Nelson Hayes</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Weaver </b>by Miriam Kelly Ferguson</span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Who Made the Potato Salad? </b>by Inez Robinson-Turpin</span></div>
Racingdaylightllchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13112100582187227379noreply@blogger.com0