image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_nicolai_arbo,_olaf_tryggvasson_king.jpg
http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/timeline.htm
| Year | Event |
| 3800BC (circa) | The Knap of Howar built and occupied on the island of Papa Westray. |
| 3400-3100BC (circa) | Earliest structures at the Barnhouse Settlement. |
| 3300-3200BC (circa) | Earliest structures built on the Ness of Brodgar site. |
| 3200BC (circa) | Early buildings at Skara Brae. |
| 3000-2900BC (circa) | Standing Stones o' Stenness constructed. |
| 2900-2750BC (circa) | Barnhouse Neolithic settlement abandoned. Work begins on Barnhouse Structure Eight. |
| 2800-2700BC (circa) | The chambered tomb Maeshowe constructed |
| 2700BC (circa) | [Pyramids in Egypt] |
| 2600-2500BC (circa) | Construction of Ring of Brodgar. |
| 2200BC (circa) | The village of Skara Brae abandoned |
| 50AD | Broch of Gurness in early stages of development. |
| 84 (circa) | Agricola's supposed visit to Orkney. |
| 563 | [Saint Columba in Scotland] |
| 580 | Cormac's missionary journey to Orkney. |
| 787 | [First recorded appearance of Vikings in England.] |
| 800 (circa) | [First period of Norse colonisation begins.] |
| 841 | [Rouen taken by the Norsemen.] |
| 850 (circa) | Harald Fairhair's legendary voyage to Orkney –earldom established. |
| 853 | [Norse kingdom established in Dublin.] |
| 871 | [Alfred the Great King of England.] |
| 874 (circa) | Sigurd I is earl. |
| 885 | [Siege of Paris by the Norsemen.] |
| 890 (circa) | Battle with Maelbrigte of Ross (the villainous "Tusker" of Orcadian folklore) – Earl Sigurd's death resulted (see The Ba' Page for more details). Guttorm, Sigurd's son, is earl |
| 900 | Battle of Harfursfirth – Second period of Norse colonisation begins. [Iceland colonised by Norsemen] |
| 907 (circa) | Hallad, son of Rognvald, Earl of Moeri, earl |
| 893 (circa) | Einar I ("Torf Einar") Rognvaldsson is earl. (Referred to as Torf Einar as he is credited with introducing the tradition of burning peats as fuel to the islands) |
| 912 | [Rolf or Rollo, Rognvald's son, Duke of Normandy.] |
| 946-976 (circa) | Arnkell, Erlend I, and Thorfinn I, Einar's sons, rule as joint earls. |
| 950 | [King Eric Bloodaxe expelled from Norway.] |
| 954 | King Eric Bloodaxe and Earls Arnkell and Erlend fall at battle of Stainsmoor. |
| 976-991 (circa) | Arnfinn, Havard, Ljot, and Hlodvir, Thorfinn's sons, are joint earls. |
| 980 | [Discovery of Greenland by the Norsemen.] |
| 986 | [Possible Discovery of America (Vinland) by the Norsemen.] |
| 991 (circa) | Sigurd II Hlodvirsson, is earl. |
| 995 | Sigurd forced to convert to Christianity by Olaf Trygvesson. |
| 998 | [Olaf Trygvesson is King of Norway.] |
| 1014 | Battle of Clontarf - Earl Sigurd is killed, carrying the cursed Raven Banner. Sumarlid, Einar II, Brusi, and (later) Thorfinn II, Sigurd's sons, joint-earls. |
| 1030 | Death of Earl Brusi - Thorfinn II sole earl Rognvald, Brusi's son, claims a share of the earldom. |
| 1045 | Battle in the Pentland Firth (south of Orkney) between Rognvald and Thorfinn. |
| 1045 | Earl Rognvald murdered on the island of Papa Stronsay. |
| 1056 | [Malcolm Canmore is King of Scotland.] |
| 1057 | Christ's Kirk in the West Mainland parish of Birsay founded. The exact location of the kirk is still hotly debated today, with some believing it stood within the offshore island settlement known the Brough o' Birsay and others that it stood where Birsay village is now found. |
| 1065 | Death of Thorfinn; his sons Paul I. and Erlend II are joint-earls |
| 1066 | Harald Hardradi visits Orkney. [Harold Godwinsson is King of England] [Battle of Stamford Bridge] [The Norman Conquest - Invasion of Duke William of Normandy - Battle of Hastings] |
| 1087 | [Moorish Empire established in Spain] |
| 1096 | [First Crusade] |
| 1098 | Magnus (Barefoot), King of Norway, sends the Orkney earls to Norway, and makes his son Sigurd "King" of Orkney |
| 1103 | [Death of King Magnus of Norway - Sigurd is made King of Norway] |
| 1105 | Hakon Paulsson and Magnus Erlendsson are joint-earls. |
| 1117 | Murder of Earl Magnus (St Magnus) in Egilsay |
| 1123 | Death of Earl Hakon; his sons Harald I and Paul II joint-earls |
| 1127 | Death of Harald - Paul sole earl |
| 1129 | Rognvald II (Kali) appointed joint-earl by King Sigurd of Norway |
| 1135 | Rognvald's first expedition to claim the earldom St. Magnus Church, Egilsay, founded |
| 1136 | Rognvald's second expedition to acquire Earldom- Earl Paul kidnapped by Sweyn Asleifson |
| 1137 | St Magnus Cathedral founded in Kirkwall |
| 1138 | Harald II Maddadson joint-earl |
| 1151 | Norse Crusaders (Jerusalem-farers) returning from the Holy Land winter in Orkney and break intoMaeshowe seeking shelter (see also Maeshowe's Treasure and Maeshowe's Runes) |
| 1151 | Earl Rognvald's Crusade to Jerusalem |
| 1151 | Erlend III is made joint-earl |
| 1152-1154 | The War of the Three Earls - Rognvald, Harald and Erlend fight for possession of the Earldom. |
| 1154 | Death of Erlend III - killed off the island of Damsay by Rognvald and Harald. |
| 1158 | Earl Rognvald killed. Harald sole Earl. |
| 1171 |
Sweyn Asleifson's last cruise and death at Dublin.
[English invasion of Ireland] |
| 1194 | [Battle of Floravoe in Norway. The defeat of the "island-beardies"] |
| 1196 | Shetland separated from the Orkney Earldom |
| 1197 | Harald III becomes joint Earl (grandson of Rognvald) |
| 1198 | Death of Harald III - killed by Earl Harald Maddadsson. |
| 1206 | Death of Harald II Maddadson. His sons David and John become joint earls. |
| 1214 | Death of Earl David [Alexander II becomes King of Scotland] |
| 1215 | [Magna Carta granted in England] |
| 1222 | Bishop Adam burned in Caithness. |
| 1231 | Death of John; last Earl of the Norse line. |
| 1236 (circa) | Magnus II, the first of the Angus line, becomes Earl. Ship carrying the chief men of the Orkney islands is lost on the voyage between Norway and Orkney. |
| 1239 | Gilbride (Gilbert) I becomes earl |
| 1249 | [Alexander III is king of Scotland] |
| 1256 | Magnus III is made earl. |
| 1263 | King Hakon of Norway's expedition to his western empire. The Battle of Largs Haakon dies in Kirkwall. |
| 1273 | Magnus IV is earl. |
| 1284 | Jon II Magnusson is earl. |
| 1286 | [Death of Alexander III of Scotland. Margaret of Norway becomes heiress to the Scottish Crown] |
| 1292 | [Death of Margaret - "the Maid of Norway"] |
| 1306 | [Robert the Bruce is King of Scotland. Local tradition has it that Bruce passed the winter of 1306-07 in Orkney, not in the island of Rathlin] |
| 1310 | Magnus V is earl. |
| 1312 | [Treaty of Perth confirmed at Inverness] |
| 1314 | [Battle of Bannockburn] |
| 1321 | The death of Magnus V marks the end of the Angus line. Malise of Stratherne becomes Earl. |
| 1353 | Erngisl is made earl |
| 1357 | Death of Erngisl; the end of the Stratherne line. |
| 1379 | Henry I (St. Clair) is made earl.Shetland restored to the Earldom [The union of Norway, Sweden and Denmark - the Union of Calmar] |
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